CASE FILE · UX RESEARCH

How we build the evidence before we design.

UX research isn't a survey we send before the "real work" starts — it's the structured, nine-phase investigation that turns assumptions into decisions our clients can defend.

09
Phases
21
Methods
5–15
Users interviewed, min.
01
Research report, final
The Ledger

Nine phases, in sequence

Each phase below feeds the next — you can't map a user journey before you've interviewed the user, and you can't test a prototype before it exists. This is the order we actually work in, not a checklist.

0
Phase 0

Project Understanding & Discovery

Understand the business before touching the design. We talk to everyone with a stake in the outcome, and audit whatever already exists.

Stakeholder Interviews

Founders, product owners, marketing, sales, support and devs — collecting business goals, success metrics, frustrations and technical limits.

CEO · Product · Sales · Support · Devs
Project Audit

For existing products: navigation, flows, content structure, visual hierarchy, accessibility, performance and conversion problems.

GA · Hotjar · Clarity · Mixpanel · FullStory
DeliveredStakeholder interview report · Business requirements doc · UX audit report
1
Phase 1

Market & Competitor Research

Before designing anything new, we map what already exists — direct competitors, adjacent solutions, and the industry's unwritten standards.

Competitor Analysis

Direct competitors (same service, same audience) and indirect ones (different solution, same problem) — features, flows, pricing, positioning.

Benchmarking

Study category leaders for shared patterns and best practices — e.g. Revolut/N26/Wise for banking, Amazon/Shopify for e-commerce.

DeliveredCompetitive analysis matrix · UX benchmark report
2
Phase 2

User Research

Direct contact with real users — what they say, what they do, and the gap between the two.

User Interviews

5–15 users minimum, asked how they solve the problem today, what tools they use, and what frustrates them.

User Surveys

Quantitative layer — demographics, preferences, behaviors and satisfaction at scale.

Typeform · Google Forms · SurveyMonkey
Contextual Inquiry

Observing users in their real environment to surface hidden problems and workarounds interviews alone miss.

Diary Studies

Users log their own actions, problems and feelings over time — useful for fitness, finance and habit products.

DeliveredInterview notes · User insights · Survey analysis · Observation report
3
Phase 3

User Understanding

Raw research gets synthesized into tools the whole team can design against.

User Personas

Research-based fictional profiles — goals, frustrations, behaviors and tech comfort — standing in for real user segments.

Empathy Maps

Four quadrants — Says, Thinks, Does, Feels — to separate what users voice from what they actually mean.

Customer Journey Map

The full experience end to end — awareness, research, purchase, delivery, retention — with pain points and opportunities marked.

User Stories

Research converted to need statements: "As a [user], I want to [action], so that [benefit]."

DeliveredPersona documents · Empathy maps · Journey maps
4
Phase 4

Information Architecture Research

Before we structure anything, we test how people naturally expect it to be organized.

Content Audit

What exists, what's missing, what's outdated, what should be cut.

Card Sorting

Users group information themselves, revealing categories, navigation structure and mental models.

Optimal Workshop · Maze
Tree Testing

Testing a proposed navigation structure before any visual design exists — can users find "Cancel subscription"?

DeliveredContent audit · IA structure validated against real user behavior
5
Phase 5

User Flow Research

How users actually move through a task, step by step — and where they stall.

Task Analysis

Breaking a task like "book a hotel" into its real steps — search, filter, select, pay — to flag friction and drop-offs.

User Flow Mapping

Diagrams of entry points, decisions, actions and end points, ready to hand to design.

DeliveredUser flow diagrams
6
Phase 6

Testing Before Development

Nothing reaches engineering until real users have tried to break it first.

Prototype Testing

Users perform real tasks on wireframes — "find a product and purchase it" — while we watch for errors and confusion.

Maze · UserTesting · Lookback
Usability Testing

Measured against effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction — completion rate, time on task, error rate.

A/B Testing

Two real versions compared head to head — e.g. "Start Free Trial" vs. "Create Account" — measured on conversion.

DeliveredUsability findings · Completion & error rates · A/B results
7
Phase 7

Accessibility Research

Usable for everyone isn't a final pass — it's checked against a standard.

Accessibility Audit

Color contrast, typography, screen reader support and keyboard navigation, checked against WCAG 2.2.

DeliveredAccessibility audit report
8
Phase 8 · Final

UX Research Report

Everything above, synthesized into a single document design and engineering can both work from.

Project Overview

Scope, objectives and methodology.

User Findings

Personas, empathy maps and journey maps.

Market Context

Competitor analysis and benchmark findings.

Recommendations

User flows, pain points, opportunities and next steps.

End To End

Where research hands off to design

Research doesn't end when this report ships — it's the input for everything that follows.

Discovery
Stakeholder Interviews
Market Research
User Interviews
Personas
Journey Maps
Info Architecture
User Flows
Wireframes
Prototype
Usability Testing
UI Design
Development
Post-launch Analytics
CASE FILE / UX-RESEARCH-PROCESS / 09 PHASES / REV. 2026Methodology modeled on practice at IDEO, Frog, Designit & Fjord